Wildlife & Environmental Impacts
How border wall construction threatens one of the most ecologically important landscapes in the country.
What’s at Stake
Big Bend National Park and Big Bend Ranch State Park preserve more than 1.1 million acres of public land along Texas’s Rio Grande—much of which is a congressionally designated Wild and Scenic River. These parks protect vast landscapes that sustain a wide range of native wildlife, encompass iconic canyons where sheer limestone cliffs tower 1,500 feet above the flowing Rio Grande, and serve as major destinations for world-class recreation including whitewater boating, backcountry hiking, bird and wildlife watching, and fishing.
Habitat Fragmentation
Border wall construction would fragment intact habitat, disrupt genetic exchange between wildlife populations, and restrict animal movement to the Rio Grande—the primary and often only reliable water source for many species in the region. Wall barriers would also block popular campsites, river access points, and trailheads that have served the public for generations.
Wildlife Crossing Research
A 2024 study found that only 9% of wildlife interactions with steel bollard border wall resulted in successful crossing—representing an 86% reduction compared to vehicle barriers. The study documented zero crossing success for deer, black bear, mountain lion, and turkey. Pollinator research found 7% of butterflies altered course at the wall, and 20% of moths failed to cross.
Federal Oversight Findings
GAO reports documenting prior wall construction (2017–2021) found:
- Wildlife movement disruption and endangered species habitat loss
- Natural water flow alteration and increased flooding
- Damage to artesian wells and groundwater systems
- “Significant impacts” with unclear mitigation responsibilities
Laws Waived
On February 17, 2026, DHS waived 28 federal laws to expedite construction, including:
- National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
- Endangered Species Act
- Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
- Clean Water Act
- Clean Air Act
- Migratory Bird Treaty Act
Without these statutory safeguards, there is no requirement for environmental impact studies, wildlife surveys, or mitigation plans before construction begins.
Economic Impact
In 2024, Big Bend National Park welcomed 561,459 visitors who spent an estimated $56.8 million in surrounding communities, generating $63.7 million in total economic output. For Brewster County and nearby gateway communities, tourism associated with the parks is a primary economic driver. Irreversible damage to the landscape directly threatens these livelihoods.
Sources: National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics (2026), GAO Border Infrastructure Reports, Congressional Appropriations Letter (March 12, 2026, 132 organizations)